1. Origins of the Name 'Amazon'
There is a considerable amount of speculation and fantasizing (in the tradition of continual myth-making) regarding the origins of the name 'Amazon' which comes to us via the Greek
Ἀμαζόνες =
Amazónes (plural) &
Ἀμαζών =
Amazōn (singular). In our estimation, the most credible explanation is one of the oldest: the gloss provided by 4th century CE Greek grammarian Hesychius of Alexandria who compiled a
lexicon of obscure Greek words [q.v. Xenia Lidéniana Lagercrantz (1912) 270ff, cited in Hjalmar Frisk's
Greek Etymological Dictionary (1960–1970) and
Wikipedia]. There we find
ἁμαζακάραν· πολεμεῖν. Πέρσαι(
amazakáran: polemeín. Pérsai) meaning "amazakaran: 'to make war' in (Old) Persian". We further read from our reference that '
Amazakaran' in turn may be derived from the Old Persian '
ha-mazan' meaning 'war' or 'warriors' and '
kar' meaning 'to do'/'to make'. While also lamenting the many fanciful explanations available, erudite A. Shapour Shahbazi (1942-2006) in his 1989 article posted on
Iranica, notes that the word 'Amazons' was derived from Old Iranian '*maz-' [i.e. '(a)maz' meaning 'combat'] leading to the folk name or ethnonym '
*ha-mazan' meaning 'warrior' [citing J. Pokorny in
Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Bern) I, p. 1959]. What we learn from this etymology and further references (see below) is that the word and thereby the tradition is an integral part of Iranian/Aryan heritage. What also emerges from our research is that the 'Amazons' were not so much an ethic group or sub-group of the Aryans, but a tradition within an Aryan group such as one of the Saka groups