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They can't. They are validating their hypothesis against subscales that are already normed/validated. So, when we get a survey that has those same 3 subscales (let's say for feminism) - they are comparing your responses to those against their 'new' scale. So one set of questions is different. And they are looking to see if there is an association between that 'new' subscale (or variable) and subscales that usually show an association -and have good validity/reliability.Or learn to ask different questions instead of copy and paste. There's a few that have been rather clever.
If they had just new questions, they wouldn't have a way to compare their data against a known instrument.
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